電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)簡述：電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是在數控(kong)機床(chuang)領域出現的(de)(de)將機床(chuang)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)電(dian)(dian)機融為一(yi)體的(de)(de)新技術(shu)，電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)它(ta)與(yu)直線電(dian)(dian)機技術(shu)、高速刀具(ju)技術(shu)一(yi)起，把(ba)高速加(jia)工推(tui)向一(yi)個新時代(dai)。電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是一(yi)套組件，它(ta)包(bao)括電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)本身及其附件：電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、高頻(pin)變頻(pin)裝置(zhi)、油霧潤(run)滑(hua)器、冷(leng)卻裝置(zhi)、內置(zhi)編碼器、換(huan)刀裝置(zhi)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)動機的(de)(de)轉子直接作為機床(chuang)的(de)(de)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)單元的(de)(de)殼體就是電(dian)(dian)動機機座，并且配合(he)其他零(ling)部件，實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)動機與(yu)機床(chuang)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)一(yi)體化。
電主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)結構：電主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)由無外(wai)殼電機(ji)(ji)、主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)、軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)單元殼體、驅(qu)動(dong)模塊和冷卻(que)(que)裝置(zhi)等組成(cheng)。電機(ji)(ji)的(de)轉子(zi)采用(yong)壓配方法(fa)與主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)做成(cheng)一體，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)則由前后軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)支(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。電機(ji)(ji)的(de)定子(zi)通(tong)過冷卻(que)(que)套安裝于主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)單元的(de)殼體中。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)的(de)變速由主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)驅(qu)動(dong)模塊控制，而主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)單元內(nei)的(de)溫(wen)升由冷卻(que)(que)裝置(zhi)限制。在(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)的(de)后端(duan)(duan)裝有測(ce)速、測(ce)角位移(yi)傳感器，前端(duan)(duan)的(de)內(nei)錐孔和端(duan)(duan)面用(yong)于安裝刀具。
電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)冷卻(que)：由(you)于電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)將電(dian)(dian)機(ji)集成于主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)單元中，且轉速(su)很高，運轉時會(hui)產(chan)生大量熱(re)(re)量，引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)溫升，使電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)熱(re)(re)態特(te)性和動態特(te)性變差，從而影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)正常工(gong)作。因此，必須采取(qu)一(yi)定(ding)措施控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)溫度(du)，使其恒定(ding)在一(yi)定(ding)值內(nei)。機(ji)床目前一(yi)般采取(qu)強制(zhi)循(xun)環油冷卻(que)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)對電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)定(ding)子及主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承進(jin)行冷卻(que)，即將經過油冷卻(que)裝置(zhi)的(de)冷卻(que)油強制(zhi)性地在主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)定(ding)子外(wai)和主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承外(wai)循(xun)環，帶走主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)高速(su)旋轉產(chan)生的(de)熱(re)(re)量。機(ji)床另外(wai)，為了減少主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承的(de)發熱(re)(re)，還(huan)必須對主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承進(jin)行合理的(de)潤滑。
電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)軸的驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)：電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)軸的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)均采(cai)用(yong)交(jiao)流(liu)異步感應電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)，由于是用(yong)在(zai)(zai)高速(su)加工機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)上，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時要從(cong)靜止迅速(su)升速(su)至每分鐘數萬(wan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)乃至數十萬(wan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)大，因而(er)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)要超出普通電(dian)(dian)機(ji)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)5~7倍。其驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式有變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和矢量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)兩種。變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)的驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)特性為恒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，輸(shu)出功率與轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)成(cheng)正比(bi)。機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)最新的變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)采(cai)用(yong)先進的晶體管技術，可實現(xian)主(zhu)軸的無(wu)級變(bian)速(su)。機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)矢量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)的驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)為在(zai)(zai)低速(su)端為恒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)、高速(su)端為恒功率驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。