CNC加工(gong)中心在(zai)加工(gong)過程中，會因為刀具(ju)形狀的(de)因素而產生軌跡的(de)問題，這都不是(shi)事，咱們(men)可(ke)以(yi)通過補(bu)償的(de)方(fang)法進行解決(jue)，常用的(de)補(bu)償方(fang)法有以(yi)下三種。
1、刀具的長度補償
CNC加(jia)工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)編程的(de)數據輸(shu)入，開始要指定零(ling)件的(de)加(jia)工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，才能建立工件編程坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)系(xi)，此坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)系(xi)只是(shi)一(yi)個工件坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)系(xi)，零(ling)點在工件上，CNC加(jia)工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)長(chang)度補償只是(shi)和Z坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)有關，不像X、Y平面內的(de)編程零(ling)點；刀具是(shi)由主軸(zhou)錐孔定位(wei)而不改變，而Z坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)零(ling)點每一(yi)把刀的(de)長(chang)度都是(shi)不同的(de)。
CNC加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)要鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)深(shen)為(wei)(wei)50mm的孔，然后攻(gong)(gong)絲(si)深(shen)為(wei)(wei)45mm，分別用(yong)(yong)一把(ba)長(chang)為(wei)(wei)250mm的鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭和(he)一把(ba)長(chang)為(wei)(wei)350mm的絲(si)錐(zhui)，先用(yong)(yong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔深(shen)50mm，此(ci)時加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)已(yi)經(jing)設定工(gong)件(jian)零(ling)(ling)點(dian)，當換上絲(si)錐(zhui)攻(gong)(gong)絲(si)時，如果兩把(ba)刀(dao)都從設定零(ling)(ling)點(dian)開始加(jia)工(gong)，絲(si)錐(zhui)因為(wei)(wei)比鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭長(chang)而攻(gong)(gong)絲(si)過長(chang)，損壞刀(dao)具和(he)工(gong)件(jian)，如果設定了刀(dao)具補償，把(ba)絲(si)錐(zhui)和(he)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭的長(chang)度(du)進行補償，當加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)零(ling)(ling)點(dian)設定之后，即使絲(si)錐(zhui)和(he)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭長(chang)度(du)不同，因補償的存(cun)在(zai)，在(zai)調用(yong)(yong)絲(si)錐(zhui)工(gong)作時，零(ling)(ling)點(dian)Z坐標已(yi)經(jing)自動向Z+（或Z）補償了絲(si)錐(zhui)的長(chang)度(du)，保證(zheng)了加(jia)工(gong)零(ling)(ling)點(dian)的正確性。
2、刀具的半徑補償
CNC加工中心有(you)(you)刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)半(ban)徑補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)，編制加工程序時(shi)可以不考(kao)慮刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)直徑大小，刀長補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)對所有(you)(you)的(de)刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)都適用(yong)，而刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)半(ban)徑補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)則(ze)一(yi)般只用(yong)于銑(xian)刀類刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)；當(dang)銑(xian)刀加工工件(jian)的(de)外輪廓或內(nei)輪廓時(shi)，就(jiu)用(yong)得上刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)半(ban)徑補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)，當(dang)用(yong)端面(mian)銑(xian)刀加工工件(jian)的(de)端面(mian)時(shi)則(ze)只需刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)長度補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)。
CNC加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心(xin)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)半(ban)徑(jing)補(bu)償是(shi)(shi)一個比較難理解(jie)和使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)令，所(suo)以在編(bian)(bian)程中都不(bu)太愿使用(yong)，其實理解(jie)和掌握了(le)使用(yong)起來(lai)還是(shi)(shi)對編(bian)(bian)程和加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)帶來(lai)很大方便；當準備(bei)編(bian)(bian)一個用(yong)銑刀(dao)(dao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)程序時(shi)，首先(xian)要(yao)根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)形尺(chi)寸和刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)半(ban)徑(jing)進行細(xi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算坐標(biao)值(zhi)來(lai)明確刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)中心(xin)所(suo)走的(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)線，所(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)半(ban)徑(jing)只是(shi)(shi)這把銑刀(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)半(ban)徑(jing)值(zhi)，當編(bian)(bian)完(wan)后發現這把銑刀(dao)(dao)不(bu)太適合要(yao)換用(yong)其他直徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)，這時(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)重(zhong)新計(ji)算刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)中心(xin)所(suo)走的(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)坐標(biao)值(zhi)，這對于外(wai)形復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)模具(ju)來(lai)說重(zhong)新計(ji)算簡直是(shi)(shi)太困難了(le)，一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)形加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)分粗(cu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和精加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，這樣粗(cu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程序編(bian)(bian)好(hao)后也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)完(wan)成了(le)粗(cu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。
經(jing)過粗(cu)(cu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件外形尺寸(cun)(cun)發生了(le)變化，接下(xia)來又要計算精加工(gong)(gong)(gong)的刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)中心坐標值(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量太大；如果用(yong)了(le)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)半(ban)(ban)徑(jing)補(bu)(bu)償就(jiu)可(ke)以忽略刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)半(ban)(ban)徑(jing)，根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)件尺寸(cun)(cun)進(jin)行編程，再把刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)半(ban)(ban)徑(jing)作(zuo)為半(ban)(ban)徑(jing)補(bu)(bu)償放在半(ban)(ban)徑(jing)補(bu)(bu)償寄存器里，臨(lin)時更換(huan)銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao)或進(jin)行粗(cu)(cu)精加工(gong)(gong)(gong)，只需更改(gai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)半(ban)(ban)徑(jing)補(bu)(bu)償值(zhi)就(jiu)可(ke)以控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)件外形尺寸(cun)(cun)的大小(xiao)了(le)，對(dui)程序基本不用(yong)作(zuo)一(yi)點修改(gai)。
3、夾具的偏置補償
加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中心(xin)(xin)夾(jia)具(ju)偏(pian)置(zhi)可(ke)以不考慮(lv)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)夾(jia)具(ju)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)而使用(yong)(yong)夾(jia)具(ju)偏(pian)置(zhi)，當(dang)CNC加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中心(xin)(xin)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)小(xiao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)時(shi)(shi)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)上(shang)一次可(ke)以裝(zhuang)夾(jia)幾個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)，不用(yong)(yong)考慮(lv)每(mei)一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)在編(bian)程時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)坐標(biao)(biao)零(ling)點，只需(xu)按照(zhao)各自的(de)(de)編(bian)程零(ling)點進行(xing)編(bian)程，再使用(yong)(yong)夾(jia)具(ju)偏(pian)置(zhi)來移動每(mei)一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)上(shang)的(de)(de)編(bian)程零(ling)點；夾(jia)具(ju)偏(pian)置(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)夾(jia)具(ju)偏(pian)置(zhi)指令G54～G59來執行(xing)的(de)(de)，也可(ke)以使用(yong)(yong)G92指令設(she)定坐標(biao)(biao)系；當(dang)一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完(wan)成之后，加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)下一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)時(shi)(shi)使用(yong)(yong)G92來重新(xin)設(she)定新(xin)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)坐標(biao)(biao)系。