21世紀的控(kong)(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)將是網(wang)絡與(yu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制結合的系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。對網(wang)絡化(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(NetworkedControlSystem，簡稱(cheng)NCS)的研究(jiu)已(yi)經成為當前自動(dong)化(hua)領域中的前沿課題之一(yi)。隨著通信(xin)(xin)網(wang)絡作(zuo)為一(yi)個系(xi)統(tong)(tong)環節(jie)嵌入(ru)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，這很(hen)大地豐富了(le)工業(ye)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制技術和(he)手(shou)段，使自動(dong)化(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)與(yu)工業(ye)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)在體系(xi)結構、控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方(fang)法以及人機協作(zuo)方(fang)法等方(fang)面(mian)都發生了(le)較大的變化(hua)，與(yu)此同時也帶來(lai)了(le)一(yi)些新的問(wen)題，如控(kong)(kong)(kong)制與(yu)通信(xin)(xin)的耦合、時間(jian)延遲、信(xin)(xin)息調度(du)方(fang)法、分布(bu)式控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方(fang)式與(yu)故(gu)障疹斷等。
這些新問(wen)題的出現(xian)，使(shi)得自(zi)動控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)理(li)論在網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)環境下的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方法和算法需要不(bu)斷(duan)地創新。隨著計算機(ji)技(ji)術、通(tong)信技(ji)術和網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)技(ji)術的不(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)領域正經歷著一場(chang)前所未(wei)有的變革，開始(shi)向網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)化方向發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的結(jie)構從最初的CCS（計算機(ji)集中(zhong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)），到第二代的DCS（分散控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)），發(fa)(fa)(fa)展到現(xian)在流(liu)行的FCS（現(xian)場(chang)總線控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)）。對(dui)諸如(ru)(ru)圖像、語音信號等大(da)數據量(liang)、高速率傳輸的要求(qiu)，又(you)催生(sheng)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)業以(yi)太(tai)網(wang)與控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)的結(jie)合。這種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)化浪潮(chao)又(you)將諸如(ru)(ru)嵌入式技(ji)術、多(duo)標準(zhun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)互(hu)聯(lian)、無線技(ji)術等多(duo)種(zhong)當今流(liu)行技(ji)術融合進來，從而拓展了工(gong)(gong)(gong)業控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)領域的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展空間，帶來新的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展機(ji)遇。
以信(xin)息化帶動(dong)工業(ye)化既是(shi)保(bao)持國民經濟持續快速(su)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)有力保(bao)證，也是(shi)傳統(tong)工業(ye)體系結(jie)構(gou)轉型的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要手段(duan)。網絡(luo)技(ji)術作(zuo)為信(xin)息技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)代表，其與工業(ye)控(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)合將極大(da)地(di)提高控(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)，改(gai)變現(xian)有工業(ye)控(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)相對封(feng)閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)信(xin)息管理結(jie)構(gou)，適應現(xian)代企(qi)業(ye)綜合自動(dong)化管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。網絡(luo)技(ji)術推動(dong)了傳統(tong)工業(ye)控(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變革。
將現場總線(xian)、以太網(wang)(wang)、多種(zhong)工業控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)網(wang)(wang)絡互聯、嵌入式技術和無線(xian)通信技術融合(he)到(dao)工業控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)網(wang)(wang)絡中，在(zai)(zai)保證(zheng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)原有的穩定性(xing)、實時性(xing)等(deng)要求的同時，又增強了系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的開放性(xing)和互操作性(xing)，提(ti)高了系(xi)統(tong)(tong)對不同環(huan)境的適應(ying)性(xing)。在(zai)(zai)經濟全球化的今天，這一工業控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)網(wang)(wang)絡化及其構(gou)成模式使得企(qi)業能夠適應(ying)空前激烈(lie)的市場競爭(zheng)，有助于(yu)加(jia)快新產(chan)品的開發(fa)、降低生產(chan)成本、完善信息服(fu)務，具有廣闊的發(fa)展前景(jing)。